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    Android網絡連接之HttpURLConnection和HttpClient

    1.概念      

          HTTP 協議可能是現在 Internet 上使用得最多、最重要的協議了,越來越多的 Java 應用程序需要直接通過 HTTP  協議來訪問網絡資源。在 JDK 的 java.net 包中已經提供了訪問 HTTP  協議的基本功能:HttpURLConnection。但是對于大部分應用程序來說,JDK 庫本身提供的功能還不夠豐富和靈活。

          除此之外,在Android中,androidSDK中集成了Apache的HttpClient模塊,用來提供高效的、最新的、功能豐富的支持 HTTP 協議工具包,并且它支持 HTTP 協議最新的版本和建議。使用HttpClient可以快速開發出功能強大的Http程序。

    2.區別

    HttpClient是個很不錯的開源框架,封裝了訪問http的請求頭,參數,內容體,響應等等,

    HttpURLConnection是java的標準類,什么都沒封裝,用起來太原始,不方便,比如重訪問的自定義,以及一些高級功能等。

     

    URLConnection

    HTTPClient

    Proxies and SOCKS

    Full support in Netscape browser, appletviewer, and applications  (SOCKS: Version 4 only); no additional limitations from security  policies.

    Full support (SOCKS: Version 4 and 5); limited in applets however by  security policies; in Netscape can't pick up the settings from the  browser.

    Authorization

    Full support for Basic Authorization in Netscape (can use info given  by the user for normal accesses outside of the applet); no support in  appletviewer or applications.

    Full support everywhere; however cannot access previously given info  from Netscape, thereby possibly requesting the user to enter info (s)he  has already given for a previous access. Also, you can add/implement  additional authentication mechanisms yourself.

    Methods

    Only has GET and POST.

    Has HEAD, GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, TRACE and OPTIONS, plus any arbitrary method.

    Headers

    Currently you can only set any request headers if you are doing a  POST under Netscape; for GETs and the JDK you can't set any headers. 
    Under  Netscape 3.0 you can read headers only if the resource was returned  with a Content-length header; if no Content-length header was returned,  or under previous versions of Netscape, or using the JDK no headers can  be read.

    Allows any arbitrary headers to be sent and received.

    Automatic Redirection Handling

    Yes.

    Yes (as allowed by the HTTP/1.1 spec).

    Persistent Connections

    No support currently in JDK; under Netscape uses HTTP/1.0 Keep-Alive's.

    Supports HTTP/1.0 Keep-Alive's and HTTP/1.1 persistence.

    Pipelining of Requests

    No.

    Yes.

    Can handle protocols other than HTTP

    Theoretically; however only http is currently implemented.

    No.

    Can do HTTP over SSL (https)

    Under Netscape, yes. Using Appletviewer or in an application, no.

    No (not yet).

    Source code available

    No.

    Yes.

    3.案例

    URLConnection

    復制代碼

        String urlAddress = "http://192.168.1.102:8080/AndroidServer/login.do";  
        URL url;  
        HttpURLConnection uRLConnection;  
        public UrlConnectionToServer(){  
      
        }  

     

        //向服務器發送get請求
        public String doGet(String username,String password){  
            String getUrl = urlAddress + "?username="+username+"&password="+password;  
            try {  
                url = new URL(getUrl);  
                uRLConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();  
                InputStream is = uRLConnection.getInputStream();  
                BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));  
                String response = "";  
                String readLine = null;  
                while((readLine =br.readLine()) != null){  
                    //response = br.readLine();  
                    response = response + readLine;  
                }  
                is.close();  
                br.close();  
                uRLConnection.disconnect();  
                return response;  
            } catch (MalformedURLException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
                return null;  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
                return null;  
            }  
        }  
          

     

        //向服務器發送post請求
        public String doPost(String username,String password){  
            try {  
                url = new URL(urlAddress);  
                uRLConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();  
                uRLConnection.setDoInput(true);  
                uRLConnection.setDoOutput(true);  
                uRLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");  
                uRLConnection.setUseCaches(false);  
                uRLConnection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false);  
                uRLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");  
                uRLConnection.connect();  
                  
                DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(uRLConnection.getOutputStream());  
                String content = "username="+username+"&password="+password;  
                out.writeBytes(content);  
                out.flush();  
                out.close();  
                  
                InputStream is = uRLConnection.getInputStream();  
                BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));  
                String response = "";  
                String readLine = null;  
                while((readLine =br.readLine()) != null){  
                    //response = br.readLine();  
                    response = response + readLine;  
                }  
                is.close();  
                br.close();  
                uRLConnection.disconnect();  
                return response;  
            } catch (MalformedURLException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
                return null;  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
                return null;  
            }  
        }  

    復制代碼

    HTTPClient

    復制代碼

    String urlAddress = "http://192.168.1.102:8080/qualityserver/login.do";  
    public HttpClientServer(){  
              
     }  
          
    public String doGet(String username,String password){  
        String getUrl = urlAddress + "?username="+username+"&password="+password;  
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(getUrl);  
        HttpParams hp = httpGet.getParams();  
        hp.getParameter("true");  
        //hp.  
        //httpGet.setp  
        HttpClient hc = new DefaultHttpClient();  
        try {  
            HttpResponse ht = hc.execute(httpGet);  
            if(ht.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){  
                HttpEntity he = ht.getEntity();  
                InputStream is = he.getContent();  
                BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));  
                String response = "";  
                String readLine = null;  
                while((readLine =br.readLine()) != null){  
                    //response = br.readLine();  
                    response = response + readLine;  
                }  
                is.close();  
                br.close();  
                  
                //String str = EntityUtils.toString(he);  
                System.out.println("========="+response);  
                return response;  
            }else{  
                return "error";  
            }  
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
            e.printStackTrace();  
            return "exception";  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
            e.printStackTrace();  
            return "exception";  
        }      
    }  
      
    public String doPost(String username,String password){  
        //String getUrl = urlAddress + "?username="+username+"&password="+password;  
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(urlAddress);  
        List params = new ArrayList();  
        NameValuePair pair1 = new BasicNameValuePair("username", username);  
        NameValuePair pair2 = new BasicNameValuePair("password", password);  
        params.add(pair1);  
        params.add(pair2);  
          
        HttpEntity he;  
        try {  
            he = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "gbk");  
            httpPost.setEntity(he);  
              
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {  
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
            e1.printStackTrace();  
        }   
          
        HttpClient hc = new DefaultHttpClient();  
        try {  
            HttpResponse ht = hc.execute(httpPost);  
            //連接成功  
            if(ht.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){  
                HttpEntity het = ht.getEntity();  
                InputStream is = het.getContent();  
                BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));  
                String response = "";  
                String readLine = null;  
                while((readLine =br.readLine()) != null){  
                    //response = br.readLine();  
                    response = response + readLine;  
                }  
                is.close();  
                br.close();  
                  
                //String str = EntityUtils.toString(he);  
                System.out.println("=========&&"+response);  
                return response;  
            }else{  
                return "error";  
            }  
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
            e.printStackTrace();  
            return "exception";  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
            e.printStackTrace();  
            return "exception";  
        }     
    }  

    復制代碼

    servlet端json轉化: 

    復制代碼

            resp.setContentType("text/json");  
            resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");  
            toDo = new ToDo();  
            List<UserBean> list = new ArrayList<UserBean>();  
            list = toDo.queryUsers(mySession);  
            String body;  
    
            //設定JSON  
            JSONArray array = new JSONArray();  
            for(UserBean bean : list)  
            {  
                JSONObject obj = new JSONObject();  
                try  
                {  
                     obj.put("username", bean.getUserName());  
                     obj.put("password", bean.getPassWord());  
                 }catch(Exception e){}  
                 array.add(obj);  
            }  
            pw.write(array.toString());  
            System.out.println(array.toString());  

    復制代碼

    android端接收:

    復制代碼

    String urlAddress = "http://192.168.1.102:8080/qualityserver/result.do";  
            String body =   
                getContent(urlAddress);  
            JSONArray array = new JSONArray(body);            
            for(int i=0;i<array.length();i++)  
            {  
                obj = array.getJSONObject(i);  
                sb.append("用戶名:").append(obj.getString("username")).append("\t");  
                sb.append("密碼:").append(obj.getString("password")).append("\n");  
                  
                HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();  
                try {  
                    userName = obj.getString("username");  
                    passWord = obj.getString("password");  
                } catch (JSONException e) {  
                    e.printStackTrace();  
                }  
                map.put("username", userName);  
                map.put("password", passWord);  
                listItem.add(map);  
                  
            }  
              
            } catch (Exception e) {  
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
              
            if(sb!=null)  
            {  
                showResult.setText("用戶名和密碼信息:");  
                showResult.setTextSize(20);  
            } else  
                extracted();  
       
           //設置adapter   
            SimpleAdapter simple = new SimpleAdapter(this,listItem,  
                    android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2,  
                    new String[]{"username","password"},  
                    new int[]{android.R.id.text1,android.R.id.text2});  
            listResult.setAdapter(simple);  
              
            listResult.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {  
                @Override  
                public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,  
                        int position, long id) {  
                    int positionId = (int) (id+1);  
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "ID:"+positionId, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();  
                  
                }  
            });  
        }  
        private void extracted() {  
            showResult.setText("沒有有效的數據!");  
        }  
        //和服務器連接  
        private String getContent(String url)throws Exception{  
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();  
            HttpClient client =new DefaultHttpClient();  
            HttpParams httpParams =client.getParams();  
              
            HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(httpParams, 3000);  
            HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(httpParams, 5000);  
            HttpResponse response = client.execute(new HttpGet(url));  
            HttpEntity entity =response.getEntity();  
              
            if(entity !=null){  
                BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader  
                        (entity.getContent(),"UTF-8"),8192);  
                String line =null;  
                while ((line= reader.readLine())!=null){  
                    sb.append(line +"\n");  
                }  
                reader.close();  
            }  
            return sb.toString();  
        }  

     

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